How to Grow Mushrooms Indoors
2023-12-11
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1Mushrooms are not only tasty.
2They are also filled with healthy nutrients, like calcium and potassium, and vitamins, like D and B.
3Some people not only enjoy eating mushrooms.
4They also like to collect them in the wild.
5But that is not for everyone.
6While some people are knowledgeable enough to collect mushrooms in the woods and eat them, many people are not.
7Eating the wrong mushroom can make you sick or even ... dead.
8Therefore, buying them is the easier and safer choice.
9However, there is another one: You can grow mushrooms yourself inside your own home.
10In a recent article for The Associated Press, plant expert Jessica Damiano explains there are two ways to do this.
11You can buy a set of materials from a garden store called a "grow kit" or you can put them together yourself.
12Grow kits are a great way for beginners to try growing mushrooms.
13These grow kits include partly-grown mushroom starters, called "spawn."
14The spawn is set in soil and is contained in its own grow box.
15You put the spawn in water overnight.
16Then you return it to the box and open it to fresh air.
17Spray it with water two times a day.
18Within two or three weeks, you will be eating mushrooms with more on the way.
19Damiano says it is a fun, easy activity. And people will likely ask you about it.
20If you are more serious about growing mushrooms and want a larger harvest, Damiano says it costs less to put the materials together yourself. It is easy, she says.
21For starters, you will need a wooden, metal, or plastic box or container.
22It needs to be about 15 centimeters deep and large enough to hold your harvest.
23You will also need a growing substance -- soil mixed with compost and other materials.
24The materials depend on the mushrooms.
25White button mushrooms grow better in a half-and-half mix of compost and well-rotted manure.
26Oyster mushrooms do well in oat or wheat straw.
27Shiitakes, another kind of mushroom, like sawdust.
28Finally, you will need fungal spores: Think of them as seeds.
29You can purchase these online or at specialty stores.
30Clean your hands well.
31Avoid bringing bacteria, mold, or non-mushroom fungi into the box.
32Fill the box with your growing substance (soil and materials) leaving about 25 millimeters at the top.
33Put the spores evenly over the soil substance and gently wet it.
34Spray it with water twice daily.
35Keep it wet but not too wet.
36To grow quickly and effectively, the spore-topped soil material should be kept away from direct sunlight.
37It should be kept at or close to 21 degrees Celsius.
38If you cannot keep a room in your home at that temperature, set the box or tray on a heating pad set to 21 degrees but no higher (warmer temperatures can kill the spores).
39A soil thermometer can help make sure the soil does not get too warm.
40Put a piece of cloth lightly over the top of the box to keep moisture in.
41But do not seal it tightly.
42Soon, a white coating will form on the surface of the soil.
43That is mycelium, a network of fungal threads from which your mushrooms will grow.
44When the soil is completely coated with mycelium, top it off with a bit more of the soil mixture.
45Remove any heating elements.
46And move the tray to a cooler spot - 12 to 15 degrees Celsius.
47Mushrooms usually grow, or "fruit," within a week or two.
48They nearly double in size daily until they are finished growing.
49Depending on the kind of mushroom, they will be ready to harvest, with their tops fully open.
50That will be in roughly three to four weeks.
51Use a sharp, clean knife to cut them at soil level to avoid disrupting nearby growth.
52I'm Anna Matteo.
1Mushrooms are not only tasty. They are also filled with healthy nutrients, like calcium and potassium, and vitamins, like D and B. 2Some people not only enjoy eating mushrooms. They also like to collect them in the wild. But that is not for everyone. While some people are knowledgeable enough to collect mushrooms in the woods and eat them, many people are not. Eating the wrong mushroom can make you sick or even ... dead. 3Therefore, buying them is the easier and safer choice. However, there is another one: You can grow mushrooms yourself inside your own home. 4In a recent article for The Associated Press, plant expert Jessica Damiano explains there are two ways to do this. You can buy a set of materials from a garden store called a "grow kit" or you can put them together yourself. 5Grow kits 6Grow kits are a great way for beginners to try growing mushrooms. These grow kits include partly-grown mushroom starters, called "spawn." The spawn is set in soil and is contained in its own grow box. You put the spawn in water overnight. Then you return it to the box and open it to fresh air. Spray it with water two times a day. 7Within two or three weeks, you will be eating mushrooms with more on the way. Damiano says it is a fun, easy activity. And people will likely ask you about it. 8Putting them together yourself 9If you are more serious about growing mushrooms and want a larger harvest, Damiano says it costs less to put the materials together yourself. It is easy, she says. 10For starters, you will need a wooden, metal, or plastic box or container. It needs to be about 15 centimeters deep and large enough to hold your harvest. 11You will also need a growing substance -- soil mixed with compost and other materials. The materials depend on the mushrooms. White button mushrooms grow better in a half-and-half mix of compost and well-rotted manure. Oyster mushrooms do well in oat or wheat straw. Shiitakes, another kind of mushroom, like sawdust. 12Finally, you will need fungal spores: Think of them as seeds. You can purchase these online or at specialty stores. 13Clean your hands well. Avoid bringing bacteria, mold, or non-mushroom fungi into the box. Fill the box with your growing substance (soil and materials) leaving about 25 millimeters at the top. Put the spores evenly over the soil substance and gently wet it. Spray it with water twice daily. Keep it wet but not too wet. 14To grow quickly and effectively, the spore-topped soil material should be kept away from direct sunlight. It should be kept at or close to 21 degrees Celsius. If you cannot keep a room in your home at that temperature, set the box or tray on a heating pad set to 21 degrees but no higher (warmer temperatures can kill the spores). A soil thermometer can help make sure the soil does not get too warm. 15Put a piece of cloth lightly over the top of the box to keep moisture in. But do not seal it tightly. 16Soon, a white coating will form on the surface of the soil. That is mycelium, a network of fungal threads from which your mushrooms will grow. 17When the soil is completely coated with mycelium, top it off with a bit more of the soil mixture. Remove any heating elements. And move the tray to a cooler spot - 12 to 15 degrees Celsius. 18Mushrooms usually grow, or "fruit," within a week or two. They nearly double in size daily until they are finished growing. Depending on the kind of mushroom, they will be ready to harvest, with their tops fully open. That will be in roughly three to four weeks. Use a sharp, clean knife to cut them at soil level to avoid disrupting nearby growth. 19I'm Anna Matteo. 20Jessica Damiano reported this story for the Associated Press. Anna Matteo adapted it for VOA Learning English. 21_________________________________________________ 22Words in This Story 23spray - v. to scatter or apply lightly and in small amounts 24well-rotted - v. to decay due to the action of fungi or bacteria to high degree 25manure - n. bodily waste from birds and animals in stables and barnyards with or without litter 26fungal - adj. of, relating to, or having the characteristics of fungi 27spores - n. a primitive usually unicellular often environmentally resistant dormant or reproductive body produced by plants, fungi, and some microorganisms and capable of development into a new individual either directly or after fusion with another spore 28mold - n. a superficial often woolly growth produced especially on damp or decaying organic matter or on living organisms by a fungus 29pad - n. a thin flat mat or cushion 30moisture - n. liquid diffused or condensed in relatively small quantity 31We want to hear from you. Do you have similar expressions in your language? In the Comments section, you can also practice using any of the expressions from the story. 32Our comment policy is here.